Analysis of The Technology Voice Over IP

Though communication have been existing for a long time, changes in method have been taking place all the time, so that costs are reduced and one of the latest methods is to communicate through IP or Voice over IP – VoIP. The technology of sending voice is already over a hundred years old, but earlier there had been less important developments in technology over the earlier systems of PBX and key system technologies which had been developed for many years. The new technology that has now been developed is of sending voice over IP which is replacing the earlier TDM products and now with the development of technology the changes in technology of voice can have an important role to play in organizations. The change is more important than just converting the earlier used system of time division multiplexing or TDM to Internet Protocol or IP. This is the first step of companies to solve difficulties regarding costs and achieving business goals of the organization. Apart from voice the architecture that is used with IP communications include â€Å"video, messaging, contact centers and business process enablement†. (Voice over IP is the first step to an enabled, converged environment) What is being stated is very simple and that is voice will not be sent as a separate type of communication, but will be sent in the form of an Internet Protocol based communication. This is being transmitted for quite some time now and dependable channels have already been developed. The costs of this method are also viewed to be quite low, and that will naturally reduce costs of transmitting voice. At this stage it is important to understand what Internet is. This is a method of communication which can be carried over many media like cable, radio, wireless, etc. The difference that it has with other media is that this causes a series of fluctuations for the message to be carried, somewhat like a pulsating signal. At the same time, the pulses provide a certain code for passing on messages and this is like digital communication which transfers information regarding scripts and also on the computers. This had originally started of with 8 bits which now form a byte and even the storage capacity of computer items like hard disks are stated in billions of bytes. (IP Communications: A Wealth of Innovations Begins to Deliver New Value to Business) Apparently the numbers required are high as even this article will contain some 30 thousand bytes, but the method of transmission is simple as the information just consists of yes or no and the method used is of binary logic. The logic of Internet protocol is over 32 pieces and this has now spread over all networks – wired or wireless, public Internet or service provider networks and corporate LANs. For communication to be enabled, what was required was the enabling to IP of all communications and computing equipment. (IP Communications: A Wealth of Innovations Begins to Deliver New Value to Business) The advantage of using these methods is it permits an organization to reach the next level of communication services and not confine itself to have special systems designed for its own use. This will naturally save it sizeable amounts of capital expenditure as also the regular costs of maintenance and operations. According to a recent Forrester study, IP videoconferencing and unified messaging are becoming very popular in North American and European enterprises, though the majority of enterprises in this are not purchasing these applications during the current year. In the course of the study, it was found that 29% among North American and 17% among the European enterprises which have at least a 1,000 employees are already using or presently upgrading IP videoconferencing. The full methods of unified messaging is being fully used or being upgraded in only 15% of North American enterprises and in 14% of European enterprises. (Unified Messaging and IP Videoconferencing: Adoption Slower Than Expected) This shows clearly that there is a rapid change going on in this area. Considering that both applications are now reasonable mature, it was surprising to find that full-scale deployments are still found in less than 30% of companies that were surveyed. At the same time, there is a reasonable potential for growth of both unified messaging and IP videoconferencing, since the enterprises will now upgrade to Session Initiation Protocol based platforms. Most enterprises that were surveyed plan to use these applications in-house, yet, several companies, mainly in Europe, stated that they would consider unified messaging applications and IP videoconferencing to be provided as a managed service. After the standalone applications become integrated, the market for these applications is expected to grow at a faster rate. (Unified Messaging and IP Videoconferencing: Adoption Slower Than Expected) 3. What industry can do to insure that service? Before we talk about the insurance of service for IP based phones let us look at the benefits as if there are no benefits, there are no advantages in switching to the new technology. There can be substantial savings and those can vary from $9,600 per site to $28,000 per site over a full year for large organizations and from $4,800 to $9,600 for medium sized organizations and these results are taken from a study that was carried out last year. The second advantage is that it enables organizations to increase their total telephone systems along with the growth of the organization. Even the growth when it takes place can be flexible and without gaps or stoppages. There are programs like Microsoft Outlook which enables the user to know immediately who is calling along with the ring of the telephone. Even for the management there is a benefit and they do not have to depend on the supplier of the system for any changes that they want to make (Is Your Network Ready for IP Telephony?) In terms of insurance, the service is now available from a number of manufacturers and thus in the case of dissatisfaction, one can always change suppliers and that is probably the best sort of insurance that one can get. 4. How can IP makes the vision of any device to any device over any network possible? Before VoIP started all organizations had two separate infrastructures and one was used for transmitting voice and the other was for transmitting data. When VoIP is used, there is only one integrated infrastructure. At the outset, it will seem that without the PSTN infrastructure the cost infrastructures can be justified easily for the system. At the same time, this cannot be removed totally since it has to handle the call overflows and any calls which are not targeted for the remote site. There are models available which will enable the calculation and justification for these network integration projects. (VoIP: How to plan for the bandwidth and calculate cost savings) This has made it clear that many new devices will be made to work over the Internet for human benefit. To conclude, it could be said that at certain levels of technology, it is difficult to understand the technical points and one should look at the entire question from a requirement point of view.

Exploratory Writing Essay

I came from a family with a hereditary disease called diabetes. All my relatives in the father side already have diabetes and as we all know, this is a killer disease. If people with diabetes do not consider control of their blood sugar and use sugar-free products then what would become of them. Most likely, they could have organ malfunction and worse, dead. Based on experience, most dieticians recommend that we, diabetics use sugar free products. However, maybe the lot of them has not read the article that I had come across with when I was researching about sugar-free products. It has been stated in Science Daily last February 13, 2006 that sugar-free products contain substances that can cause cancer to rats. It was stated in the article there is a certain percentage of consumption of the artificial sweeteners that we call â€Å"sugar-free† sweeteners. These substances have been already used in many products in the market. This does not only include sodas but also in the bread and candies available in the market. Even though it has not yet been proven that humans are really affected by these substances there are evidences that rats develop carcinogenic cells. Rats are also living creatures and if the sugar-free substance affects the rats, then it would definitely affect humans. I asked some of the member of the family and they also agree about the matter. There are possible solutions to this problem, my family and I could consider stopping the use of sugar-free substances. However, this proves to be difficult because if not for the sugar-free substances then this may cause our blood sugars to go sky high. It is really hard for diabetics to control their own cravings for sugar. Almost everybody that I know have a sweet tooth. However, since artificial sweeteners could prove to be very harmful to our health then maybe we ought to think twice before eating foods that contain artificial sweeteners. Works Cited â€Å"Rats At Levels Currently Approved For Humans. † Science Daily 13 February 2006. 26 February 2008 .

Byzantine vs. Roman Empire Essay Example for Free

Byzantine vs. Roman Empire Essay The Byzantine Empire actually ruled under the Roman Empire until Its demise In AD 476. Both of these empires were located near the Mediterranean Sea and both had a written set of laws. Emperor contanune the First converted to chrlstlanlty after ordering his soldiers to put a cross on their shields and then being victorious in battle. After his conversion, he united the military power of Rome with the young Roman Catholic Church. Because of this union he was able to conquer much of the known world at he time. In the Byzantine Empire, Christianity and the differing ideas about it caused great conflict. When the idea of religious icons came about, Emperor Leo Ill created Iconoclasm, which permitted the smashing of these religious icons. The events following the creation of Iconoclasm showed how distant the church was from the government. Eventually the quarrel led to the separation of the Catholic Church from the Eastern Christian Church, known as the Great Schism. This resulted in the Orthodox Church. Despite the differences in the effects that Christianity had on each Empire, it is clear that in both societies, religion was always in opposition with the government. There were many factors that led to the decline of both the Roman and the Byzantine Empires. In Rome, the empire simply became too large. They had to resort to using mercenaries to defend their excess land, but they often rebelled against the government. The separation of the empire into east and west also proved to be detrimental to the empire. The western side, the Romans, was defeated by Germanic barbarians who unseated their last emperor, a 14 year old boy, In AD 476. Although the Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantium, survived for another 1,000 years, Its Inevitable demise came about through the arrival of the Bubonic Plague, which was only the first crisis that moved the empire towards collapse. Byzantium was also constantly faced with military challenges from outside Invaders, and the Great Schism eliminated any possibility of outside help. The Byzantines used a multitude of tactics to try to keep enemies away, but the empire eventually fell to the Ottoman Turks In 1453. Both the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire held an alarming amount of xternal enemies, which undoubtedly was crucial In the demise of the empires; however It was mainly Internal conflicts that destroyed both empires. Justinian ended up winning back a large part of the territory Ancient Rome had ruled at i ts height, including Italy and parts ot Spain and Nort Roman and the Byzantine Empires differed in a multitude of ways despite their direct link to each other, they were also similar in their location, their religious opposition to the government, and their severe internal problems. Byzantine vs. Roman Empire. (2018, Oct 18).

Case Study Review & Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review & Questions - Case Study Example Every unit in an organization should perform its responsibilities effectively for an overall favorable outcome. CCT’s customer service agents include one administrative assistant, seven Customer Service Representatives (CSR’s), and the Customer Service Director. These make up the department’s call center. Current customer complaints show that the team is underperforming. This may be due to bad organizational culture or lack of professionalism among workers. The article reveals that the call center may be having too much work to handle. For instance, current high demands for CCT’s services exceed the sustainable capacity that the call center can serve. This is especially in peak periods that have the heaviest call volumes. In a recent internal report, thirty percent of customers who abandoned their call did not call CCT back. Instead, they were lost to competitors (Roberts, 2011, P.3). Hence, it is mandatory for the CCT CEO to find an effective solution to this problem before it gets out of hand. If the call center continues to underperform, the best case scenario is that the majority of its customer base will shift to another organization with better services. This is because the competitors are likely to take advantage of this situation and offer attractive ideas aimed at showing customers, the inefficiency of CCT indirectly. In addition, the worst case scenario is that CCT may face permanent dissolution in the future. If this happens, research shows that it is ultimately impossible for the company to attain the same level of success even if it re-enters the market base. This is especially due to the recession that started in 2008. Thus, the size of this problem is huge. Approaches to quality improvement are diverse. In CCT, the Customer Service department maintains a website that describes its services and the promotional offers that come from time to time. It refers all customers to the call center unit. Furthermore, the call cent er has an Automated Call Distributor (ACD) machine automatically shares incoming calls among the unit’s nine agents. These features prove that the CEO, Syme, was right in concluding that the staff may be ignoring the waiting calls. The other problem was that the company’s organizational framework was not clear. For instance, call center agents did not know if they should log off or not if they had a special project. Alternatives to the problem As an alternative, Customer Care could modify the website such that customers have direct access to the services that they require. This will require upgrading the computer software to a more advanced system with the capacity of sustaining a large database. An example is the customer relationship management software. The advantage is that it will decrease the number of incoming phone calls to the call center. Hence, calling customers will experience lesser time-waits or none at all. It will also ensure that the staff at the call center is not overworked. Hence, customers will experience better service delivery and satisfaction. The disadvantage is that the system upgrade will lead to increased operational costs. It is because online hosting services in the U.S are expensive (Bullen, 2012, P.76). Increased reliance on the website means that the company will have to pay for more data charges than accustomed. Another alternative would be to abolish the website system and implement another way of service

Reflection Assignment for the Intro to Orienteering Class Essay

Reflection Assignment for the Intro to Orienteering Class - Essay Example Consequently, we split into several groups and allowed to walk through the park, carrying out our studies on the environment. Most of the tracks were muddy and led deep down the forests. As a result, most of us could not trace their way back to the camp at the end of the day. However, the game rangers and tour guides came to our rescue. The reason for getting lost in the forests was the lack of adequate orientation on the geography of the park. We did not have a map to guide us on the tracks and routes to use while in the forests. In addition, neither the school nor the game wardens assisted us with compasses that could help us back to the camp. Orientation is critical before one engages in any outdoor activity as it helps them to conduct a reconnaissance. Notably, this helps the person to familiarize him or herself with the routes to use, the culture of the people, the nature of the environment, and the potential risks. Consequently, one can prepare adequately for the activity. There are instances when people get lost due to lack of orientation and lack of map reading or both. Our experience exemplifies the adverse effects of the lack of direction. In other cases, one may fail to interpret a map correctly especially when they have to locate a place using longitudes and latitudes. The trip changed my mentality towards approaching new places. I learnt that it was important to gather information about new places prior to the visit. It also scrapped off my all-knowing mentality. The highlight of the trip was the instance when we got lost in the forest. It was awkward how we could not retrace the routes we had used. None of us wanted to imagine a night in the cold with a prospect of wild animal attacks. One of the things I learnt on the trip is that it is always critical to consult when one is clueless. None of us had taken the initiative of asking for a map or a compass from the teacher or game rangers.

Feedback to the previous 2 argument design paper's comments Essay

Feedback to the previous 2 argument design paper's comments - Essay Example In this argument paper, I used the necessary evidence to support my position, but did not define utopianism. My choice of language did not clearly put my supported position, which was a considerable flaw of my initial argument design paper. The paper was not argumentative, and I failed to use the necessary structure and format to make my writing an argumentative paper as I did not correctly highlight the concept, argument, evidence and conclusion. I used exceptionally good grammatical language though it had some minor errors in the paper, which could have been avoided by being keen. With the teacher’s comment, I was able to correct wrongly presented evidence. In my original argument design paper, I had stated that CCP required intensive and extensive ideological work among the peasants which was not necessarily the truth as they needed to work on some sections of the bourgeoisie, the intellectuals, and upper class people. By highlighting that the paper failed to qualify as an ADP, I carefully restructured my paper and presentation of the evidence to finally write a persuasive argumentative paper. The teacher’s comments highlighted weaknesses in my paper, which helped me write better by going over the literature again making me understand some key concepts I had overlooked. I wrote a good argumentative paper with superb presentation of evidence but failed to write a satisfactory conclusion. I used outdated evidence, which is not acceptable, and the paper had some grammatical mistakes. With the teacher’s comments, I was able to correctly write some of the statements with all the necessary information that I had omitted. I corrected the grammatical mistakes and paraphrased some of the sentences to make them have more impact and meaning. I corrected the weaknesses in my conclusion that were occasioned by the wrong choice of words, tense and sentence structure and was able to write a persuasive conclusion. I

Compare and contrast the impact of late-19th and early-20th century Essay

Compare and contrast the impact of late-19th and early-20th century industrialization with that of late-20th and early-21st cent - Essay Example Division of labour is a key element in industrialization as it is essential to economic growth. On the other hand, globalization refers to the international integration resulting from interchange of world opinions, ideas, products, and general aspects of culture and religion1. Specifically, developments in telecommunication and infrastructure, use of the internet are the core drivers of globalization. This paper will focus on both positive and negative effects of industrialization as well as globalization. It will seek to establish the level of similar effects at the two different phases. By 1750 industrialization introduced mass production as several products could be manufactured as a go. This is because machinery replaced human labour and machinery could not get tired as human nature2. Therefore, machines could work longer hours as well as executing work that were initially done by several workers. Within 20th century, the emergency of globalization, production was made mare effec tive and faster processes as high advanced machines could be automated and function without human interference. Globalization enables production of as particular product in a different location with same qualities. This is because processes are duplicable and franchises are common. Both industrialization and globalization provided education and civilization to people. Before 1750, people were illiterate and primitive as they did not know the importance of education, schools were a rear commodity, and there were no resource centers to educate people on the importance of knowledge. With the rise of industrialization, people were getting aware of education, schools were set up, and children sent to school. Though learning institutions were available, children preferred going to work at the farms than going to school. During 20th and 21 centuruy, schools were available to every individual willing to advance knowledge; schools introduced exchange programs as international students would go on exchange academic programs within different country or even continent3. In addition, people are willing to learn as it is general knowledge that only the well-educated people scoop top jobs. Concisely, people associate education with a successful career contrary to industrialization. Both industrialization and globalization have a negative impact on the environment. They emit pollutants to water, air, soil, and atmosphere in general. Industrialization exposed people to a lot of noise from machineries, as most of the machines were crude and produced a lot of noise. This resulted to either permanent or partial hearing impairment to workers. By 1800, Mining was a substantial business whereby miners left open trenches after the mining process. This was dangerous to children and even adults as could cause accidents and deaths. Chemicals used in farms polluted soil and were mainly disposed to rivers. This act endangered the life of fish and other aquatic animals as well as human bei ng because water treatment was rare and rivers were the only source of water. The machinery used during industrialization was crude and could produce a lot of smoke hence polluting the air as coal was the main source of energy. On the other hand, globalization had same pollution challenges although less damaging than during industrialization because machineries were more developed hence could emit small smoke, water treatment

Communication law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication law - Essay Example The Brandenburg versus Ohio test was based on three distinct elements of intent, imminence and likelihood and his intent standards were more speech protective as it was in line with the first amendment which prohibits making of any law respecting an establishment of any religion; impeding free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of press and interfering with the right to peaceably assemble (Tanenhaus & Gale, 2008). Sarah Palin’s implications of media manufacturing â€Å"blood libel† to categorize her and other conservatives was more distracting to allude that Jews feed on the Christian blood, from the imminent lawless action test view had a distinct precedential lineages. This is to imply if one stops short of urging upon others that it is their duty or interest to resist the law, one should not be held to have attempted to cause its violation and does not stand for persecution on the incitement or other freedom of speech vio lations. This is to mean from the Tucson’s shooting, the Gifford’s who seemed to be on the Palin’s targeted list through the use of crosshairs an electoral map to denote targeted congressional seats could be the consequential symbolism of shootings that later happened. From the test, the implications and/or the symbolism of the â€Å"crosshairs of gun sight to the Gifford’s’ districts† did not explicitly overrule the bad tendency test but it was more symbolic than actual. From the history of the clear and present danger test, the legitimate role of the symbolic speech controlled government greater latitude in controlling freedom of speech regardless of the governmental interests advanced in suppressing some particular instance of speech. This shows that Palin’s implications passed the intent standards and from the Brandenburg’s test, the constitution guarantees of free speech and free press do not permit a state to forbid or pr oscribe advocacy except where such advocacy is directed to incite or produce lawless action. Chilling effect can be described as discouragement of legitimate exercise or inhibition of natural and legal rights through a threat of legal sanction by the court, passing of law and/or threat of lawsuit that cause people to hesitate to exercise the legitimate right (Baker, 2011). The United States’ definition/usage can be viewed as the suppression from the constitutional right to free speech which can be necessitated from the governments’ point of view especially if the speech/discussion has adverse effects on the national security or state integration. For instance, in economies where there are mixed races, the government may limit the use of certain words that imply some sort of racial discrimination against a given race for purposes of national integration. On the other hand, the government might be necessitated to control the media freedom of speech and publications in ca se of a security threat or breach so as avoid public panic or to avoid misinformation in the process of investigation. Professionally or from the business point of view, majority of the businesses are governed by â€Å"business information† that the business fraternity is supposed to keep secret. For instance, multinational companies like Coca cola restrict

Effectiveness of Appreciative Inquiry Research Proposal

Effectiveness of Appreciative Inquiry - Research Proposal Example Introduction The main objective of this research is to explore the best and unexplored potential in the people and the existing system of the local Qatari transportation company and its surroundings in order to solve the underlying problems and obstacles in strategic operational areas. The changing systems within and outside the local Qatari transportation company are required to be studied in order to explore the underlying deficiencies in the area of operation of the transportation company through the process of unconditional and positive inquiry. The three important research questions that would be considered in the appreciative inquiry of the local Qatari transportation company are given: RQ1: How can Appreciative Inquiry prove to be effective? RQ2: What did Appreciative Inquiry hope to achieve? RQ 3: According to different stakeholders, were the anticipated goals achieved? The addressing of such areas of deficiency would help to fix the underlying problems in an efficient way th at was never thought before. Theoretical framework Appreciative Inquiry is a method of conducting an inquiry through the framing of a questionnaire and asking such questions to the stakeholders of the organization in order to search for the underlying problems and difficulties in the areas of operation, finance, human resource and associated areas. The objective of appreciative inquiry is to identify the areas of deficiency of the organization through unconditional positive statements and then analyzing the collected information through inquiry in order to determine the organizational deficiencies that are required to be solved. Appreciative inquiry studies the changing internal and external conditions involving the people, process and the communities and also explores the best potential of the organizational components that have never been explored and could be used to solve the organizational deficiencies. The art and practice of asking positive questions in an appreciative inquir y which is the subject of the research question enable the organization to anticipate the areas of concern and increase the positive potential in order to cope up with the problems. The identification of the areas of organizational concern and the exploration of the best potential of the resources in the changing systems of the organization helps to increase the operational efficiency (Tiem and  Rosenzweig, 2006, p.88). For example, in the local Qatari transportation company appreciative inquiry hopes to achieve performance efficiency by using the unexplored potential of the people and the process as well the external supporting systems for the organization. The appreciative inquiry lays the foundation for fulfillment of the anticipated goals for the shareholders. Appreciative inquiry brings about sudden changes in the process for improving operational efficiency that were never envisaged before the inquiry. Proposed methods The proposed method of conducting the research includes collection of data with the help of a designed questionnaire. In the paper qualitative research methodology has been selected mainly because it is less time consuming and less costly. The data required for quantitative analysis may be flawed and this will not lead to flawless conclusion. The questionnaire would contain unconditional positively framed questions which focus on the research perspective of appreciative inquiry. The data would be collected through self administered questionnaires with 50

Create an Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Create an Innovation - Essay Example Creating or finding a way where the driver’s safety is not compromised while sending and receiving text messages can indeed be a challenge. As it is, studies have already proven that texting while driving is dangerous that a new innovative way is needed to keep the driver’s eyes on the road while still able to receive and text messages. Banning text messaging through legislation such as the case of Text Messaging Law of California that prohibits text driving (California Department of Motor Vehicles, 2011) will not work evident with the continued accidents and fatal crashes associated to text driving. Thus, the innovative idea/s that will be found or created that will enable drivers to text while keeping their eyes on the road will save thousands of lives and limbs and also millions of dollars because accidents and crashes linked to text driving can be minimized if not totally eliminated with the proposed innovation. For the company, developing a product and/or system that would allow a driver to text and drive would be considered revolutionary that could significantly enhanced its bottom line. The immediate impact of the development of an innovative product and/or system that would allow a driver to text while driving would be the recognition from the safety regulation agencies that indeed the device and/or system works. Such recognition would bear credibility to the product and/or system that would make it possible for the product to become mandatory in any vehicle before it can be insured. When such objective is realize, the increase in revenue that will be derived from such innovation would be exponential considering that all vehicles in the US will be required to install it before it can be insured. In addition to the recognition to the company the revenue that can be derived from the direct sale of the product and/or system, the

Essay Example for Free

Essay Introduction Catering services provided vary depending on the event and can include: cooking and delivering food to an outside location; cooking, delivering and serving food; and full-service (preparing food, providing service staff, decoration of event location, prep and clean-up). In some cases of full-service catering, the caterer is called an event managing company. When most people refer to a caterer, they are referring to an event caterer who serves food with waiting staff at dining tables or sets up a self-serve buffet. The food may be prepared on site, made completely at the event, or the caterer may choose to bring prepared food and put the finishing touches on once it arrives. The event caterer staffs are not responsible for preparing the food but often help set up the dining area. This service is typically provided at banquets, conventions, and weddings. Any event where all who attend are provided with food and drinks or sometimes only hors doeuvres is often called a catered event. Many events require working with an entire theme or color scheme. A catering company or specialist is expected to know how to prepare food and to make it attractive. As such, certain catering companies have moved toward a full-service business model commonly associated with event planners. They take charge of not only food preparation but also decorations, such as table settings and lighting. The trend is towards satisfying all the clients’ senses with food as a focal point. With the correct atmosphere, profes sional event caterers with experience can make an event special and memorable. Beautifully prepared food alone can appeal to the senses of taste, smell, and sight perhaps even touch, but the decorations and ambiance can play a significant part in a successfully catered event. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The main problem of this study is to find out what is the most effective way of getting a good quality of food in a catering services. 1. What is the satisfaction of the guest in getting a good quality of food. 2. Are they satisfied for the price that they pay for the food. 3. Why customer choose catering services. This study is design to know the reasons of catering services in handling a good quality of food. OBJECTIVES * To find out how to increase the number of customer using these two types of reservation system. * To find out what is more effective way for catering reservation. Whether manual or computer reservation system Hypothesis Based on our research or study if catering services provide a good quality of food to the customer many people would choose the catering service on that catering business. To make sure that the food is delicious and well cooked and also the materials needed is available and well sanitize and the importance of the proper hygiene of the waiters and waitresses in giving food to the customer. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The research study mainly focuses on the reservation system on Villa Salud, Andatoria, Duo Stake house and wine bar for education, since the manager is not always and, the assistant manager and the operation manager is being. Responsible to manage all transactions happened on reservation system in the establishment. Aside from the manager and assistant operation manager, there are two personnel which are involved in this establishment. When the customers inquire for reservation, anyone of the personnel who is not busy will be the one to accept the customer’s inquiries for reservation process because they are having this multi-tasking role. The personnel will give the brochures for the services offered, the menu list for the customer’s order and the packages.. Then the personnel will also give the price list to the customers for them to refer. In reservation process, if the customer wishes to reserve, the personnel who is doing reservation process will be the one to give the reservation form paper. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study aim to develop a catering service for the good quality of food in respective catering services. Only authorized personnel will be allowed to serve food. 1. The Manager 2. The Waiter/The Waitresses TERMINOLOGIES Catering To provide a supply of food; to supply what is required for desire. Reservation Act of reserving something. Lucrative Producing wealth. Profitable Yielding advantageous returns or result. Purported Repeated alleged. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Gen. Ave

Evolution of Health Care Information Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Health Care Information Essay Over the last 20 years dramatic changes have occurred in the health care industry. â€Å"Health care technology has exploded over the last 20 years, not just in the arena of medical diagnosis and treatment, but also in the area of health information and documentation† (The art of patient care, 2008, p. 1). Two Major Events Twenty years ago, Riverview Hospital was limited with technology. The use of paper files for patient records is a thing of the past. Today Riverview Hospital uses electronic medical records (EMR). â€Å"An EMR is able to electronically collect and store patient data, supply that information to providers on request, permit clinicians to enter orders directly into a computerized provider entry system, and advise health care practitioners by providing decision-support tools such as reminders, alerts, and access to the latest research findings, or appropriate evidence-based guidelines† (Wagner, Lee, Glaser, 2009, p. 1). â€Å"Paper-based records have been in existence for centuries and their gradual replacement by computer-based records has been slowly underway for over twenty years in western healthcare systems† (Open Clinical, n.d., p. 1). Riverview Hospital has also seen an increase in using personal digital assistants (PDAs). Twenty years ago, PDAs did not exist. Doctor’s and other health care providers had to look up information in books and other publications. â€Å"The use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) in medicine and the health sciences has rapidly increased. Health care professionals are using PDAs for patient tracking, medical reference, and drug dosage, as well as personal use† (Journal of the Medical Library Association, 2004, p. 1). â€Å"Health care personnel need access to updated information anywhere and at any time, and a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) has the potential to meet these requirements. A PDA is a mobile tool which has been employed widely for various purposes in health care practice, and the level of its use is expected to increase. Loaded with suitable functions and software  applications, a PDA might qualify as the tool that personnel and students in health care need† (PubMed, 2008, p. 1). â€Å"According to a May 2002 article in BNET, PDA software enables health care professionals to store patient information, order prescriptions directly to pharmacies, check on lab results and access medical information remotely. PDA programs even allow health care professionals to document billing and claims encounters to be submitted to health plans† (eHow, 2010, p. 1). The EMR system can connect doctors in a single practice and then share patient data with clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies if their systems are linked and compatible. EMR and PDA With the implementation of the EMR and the PDA, Riverview Hospital has seen an increase in the number of patients. Although patient stays have decreased, the number of patients which pass though the hospital has increased. The average stay today is half of what it was 20 years ago. â€Å"With the introduction of technology, health care providers have the ability to look up almost any aspect of medical information needed at the touch of a button† (The art of patient care, n.d., p. 1). The EMR implementation at Riverview Hospital has improved quality, outcomes, and safety. The EMR has improved efficiency, productivity, and cost reduction. The EMR has also improved service and satisfaction. â€Å"With PDAs, health care professionals can provide quality medical services to patients that are efficient and effective. PDAs offer instant access to critical information, so patients do not have to wait long to hear back from their doctors about lab test results or their prescription needs† (eHow, 2010, p. 1). One has to take into consideration with the EMR and the PDA that HIPPA is not violated. Although with the introduction of the EMR, it is less likely to see HIPPA violations as compared to paper charts. â€Å"Health care professionals who use PDAs must be careful to properly secure their electronic devices in a way that complies with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act† (eHow, 2010, p. 1). President Obama has pledged that every American will have an electronic medical record by 2014. Twenty years ago, this was not even a  consideration. President Obama sees health care information technology and electronic medical records as key to improving the quality of care while reducing costs. This implementation will not only improve care coordination that will lead to better health care (reduced cost, enhanced quality), it will create jobs. Barriers The EMR and the PDA can also cause barriers within the health care system. Some of the barriers are resistance. This resistance was seen among health care practitioners at Riverview Hospital, although the implementation happened. There may be technical matters that occur, financial matters, resource issues, training and re-training issues, certification, security, ethical matters, and confidentiality issues. There may also be incompatibility between systems and doubts on clinical usefulness. Conclusion Remarkable advances in medical technology, especially at Riverview Hospital, continue to transform health care delivery. With this transformation comes many issues that arise. The EMR and the PDA can enhance how health care is delivered and can pose both positives and negatives. Within the 20 years at Riverview Hospital much has changed with technology and information systems, although one thing remains the same, the mission to treat patients as well as to improve and preserve the health and well-being of those they serve. Their vision is to redefine the healthcare experience, becoming the best place to work, practice medicine, and receive care. References eHow. (2010). Use of personal digital assistants in health care. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/facts_7436608_use-personal-digital-assistants- healthcare.html Journal of the Medical Library Association. (2004). The use of personal digital assistants in the health sciences: results of a survey. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC442176/ Kreidler, M.K. (2008). Health Care and Information Technology. Research Starters – Business, (1). Open Clinical. (n.d.). Electronic medical records. Retrieved from http://www.openclinical.org/emr.html PubMed. (2008). The use of the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) among personnel and students in health care. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957381 Scientific American. (2009). Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=electronic-health-records The art of patient care. (n.d.). Health Care Technology and Patient Care. Retrieved from http://www.art-of-patient-care.com/health-care-technology.html Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W., Glaser, J. P. (2009). Health care information systems: A practical approach for health care management (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Benefits And Disadvantages Of Internet Banking Marketing Essay

Benefits And Disadvantages Of Internet Banking Marketing Essay This chapter will review the e-banking system in Malaysia and review the relevant literature on consumer perception towards e-banking. In addition, this literature review also considers the discussion of customer satisfaction and loyalty towards internet banking. 2.1 Benefits and Dis-advantages of Internet Banking 2.1.1 Benefits of Internet Banking Bu using internet, clients can access to their accounts doing transaction or access to other services with cost reduction and more convenience because online bank are operation 24hours per day, 7days per week. Furthermore, banks able to expand their market penetration internationally and offer personalized online services like clients able to check their account balances and monthly statement by login to the secure website of the bank, make payments, and transfer funds to other accounts. The speed of online banking transaction is generally faster than ATM processing speeds. Internet banking also provides advantages likes flexibility, individually and mobility which is a brand new distribution channel for clients to make on-line transaction. The improvement of internet protection through security technologies such as automatic log-off, firewalls, encryption, monitoring tools and authentication to ensure clients trust on internet banking (Banking Info, 2007). Table 1 are the benefits arise are summarized by Thulani et al.(2009) in their research paper on various study of internet banking. Benefits Related literature Cost Reduction Bradley and Stewart (2003), Rotchanakitumnuai and Speece (2003), Jayawadhera and Foley (2000), Nath et al 2001, Al-Sukkar and Hasan (2005) and Singh (2004), Corrocher (2002),Chang (2003), Sullivan and Wang (2005). Increased customer base Bradley and Stewart (2003), Jayawadhera and Foley (2000), Jen-Her Wu et al 2006 and Singh (2004), Corrocher (2002). Enable innovation and development of non-core business services Jayawadhera and Foley (2000), Nath et al. (2001), Karem (2003), Corrocher (2002), Chang (2003). Marketing and communication Jayawadhera and Foley (2000), Karem (2003), Corrocher (2002). Increased consumer loyalty and satisfaction Jen-Her Wu et al 2006 and AL-Sukkar and Hasan (2005), Nath et al. (2001). High profit consumers Jen-Her Wu et al 2006 and AL-Sukkar and Hasan (2005), Nath et al. (2001). Ability to attract new consumers AL-Sukkar and Hasan (2005). Table 1: Benefits of Internet Banking Source: Thulani et al. (2009) 2.1.2 Dis-advantage of Internet Banking AL-Sukkar and Hasan (2005) and Singh (2004) had identify the disadvantages of develop internet banking. They stated clients have to pay indirect cost as some of the internet banking systems charge money on browsing connectivity on personal computer. Moreover, cash are not available through internet. Customers are unable to withdraw cash or deposit cash by using internet banking. They also emphasize on security concerns, the issue of security concerns may delay the clients adoption of internet banking. Before using internet banking, applicant required to go through some procedure in one of the bank branch, especially the clients want to open a joint account. Some of the clients not familiar to internet browsing, they have to go through tutorials to familiarize with the navigation tools. Unfortunately, clients require re-familiarizing the navigation tools to access their account once banks update and upgrade their online system. Last but not least, trustworthiness is the most difficult yet most important issue face by clients. They always wonder whether the transaction or payments have been proceeding to another account accurately. 2.2 Aspect that Influence Consumer Perception towards Internet Banking Three of the most important characteristics of financial services to extend e-banking are: High availability, Scalability, and Security. (Antovski and LJ, 2001). According to them, high availability also can define in reliability, availability and serviceability. The e-banking are design for easy and continuous service to customers. Yibin and MU (2003) also stated the three improvements of the system infrastructure which are to build-up the reporting services for online transaction, improve the e-payment system, and improve the telecommunications infrastructure and other forms of electronic transaction. Factors such as the speed of transactions or the cost of using the Internet have little impact on an individuals final decision. After setting up better system infrastructure through Web, the new delivery channel can highly recommended to clients by giving guarantee on security, privacy and trust of Web system to minimize barrier. The following research provided the analysis on different aspect that will effect customer perception towards internet banking. 2.2.1 Electronic Security (E-Security) Electronic security is a tool or process designed to restrict entry or prevent unauthorized access to a systems information assets or is a risk-management (Thomas et al., 2002). Mueller (2001) stated that e-security prevents the hacker and others from accessing customers information, security pin number or credit card number. Thomas et al. (2002) highlighted e-security adds value to a naked network. Thomas et al. (2002) stated that although technology offer a new distribution channel for financial institution but it creates opportunities for crimes to be committed very quickly. A criminal can use the tools available on the Web to hack database on internet and steal personal hidden identities in seconds. This is why e-security must be taken very seriously. However, Raigaga (2000) stated that some banker has delay the online banking service due to the security concern. Consumer perceptions of security are measure through the operations and processes of encryption, protection, verification and authentication. The mechanisms of encryption, digital authentication, firewalls, protection, filtering routers, and personal identification numbers influence the internet customers perception towards security and might increase the confidence and trust of consumer. E-security is one of the important factors to be stressed. Most of the customers refuse to use internet banking as the alternative way to carry on transaction and payment because they afraid of losing their private information and data on hacker. 2.2.2 Trustworthiness Trust is considered as a strategic variable in current marketing (Selnes, 1998). Meanwhile, the development of internet banking brings new challenges, this lead to an increase of motivation in bank to provide a better service. Bank image will might slightly improve if clients able to enjoy better service. Bank image and consumer trust are significant influence the individual behavior (Ratnasingham, 1998). Bank image and customer trust are significantly affect individual behavior and their level of perception (Ratnasingham, 1998; Rexha et al., 2003; Lehu, 2001; Ba, 2001). Since the online banking give a higher level of risk to the clients, so Gefen et al. (2003) stated that trust is an important aspect to take note when doing internet transaction because it determines the nature of businesses. The issue of trust arises when risk is involved. Trust is the main factor being concern because bank and clients are physically separated from each other and there is a large number of suspicious about the e-security over the Internet. Generally, customers distrust and worries about the reliability of internet banking even the e-security system is good. Furthermore, clients lack of confidence and trust on the e-security is the main obstacle prevent e-banking is being developed further. As William Pitt, the eighteenth century British statesman once said, confidence is a plant of slow growth. 2.3 Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty towards Internet Banking. For offline environments, quality of services is a key determinant of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Caruana, 2002; Cronin and Taylor, 1992; Kelley and Davis, 1994; Parasuraman et al., 1988). The quality of services delivered through internet has develop wisely and significant success since the services accepted by clients. Moreover, Fassnacht and Kose (2007) found that electronic service quality had an important role in building customer trust. Customer is important in providing the level of satisfaction over electronic service quality. Their past experience is one of the factors that influence their rating and satisfaction on electronic service quality. Understanding customer requirements and meeting their demands and expectations is becoming a challenge (Shailey et al., 2003). But some users feel that internet is not useful even though its ease of use eventually lose interest in using Internet banking. Nexhmi et al. (2003) stated that clients satisfaction will have a role in development but a more important element is to maintain close bank-customer relationship. Overall customer satisfaction with the bank will be directly related to the level of trust within the relationship.

Underfunding in the Canadian Criminal Justice System Essay -- Criminal

Underfunding in the Canadian Criminal Justice System Underfunding is the greatest Challenge that is faced by the Canadian Criminal Justice System. This paper will discuss the Police Forces aging population and the challenges to replace them when they retire, it will also look at the insufficient quantity of officers needed to investigate all crime. The underfunding of the legal aid program and the effects on the courts and family law will be discussed. Finally the effects of long-term underfunding of the countries prison system and its effects on the most vulnerable inmates will also be measured. Not Enough Police Officers Baby Boomers One of the challenges the Canadian justice system faces is lack of personnel, specifically police officers. The baby boomers are approaching retirement and there experience and sheer numbers will be missed. According to Macleod (2009) half of the senior police officers will be eligible to retire within 5 years. Considering the shrinking labour pool this will make it difficult to replace these officers all at once. Macleod (2009) further states that without doubling or tripling the hiring rate of officers, the police will have to start cutting back some duties they currently perform. Normally 2000 new officers are hired across Canada every year; however by 2012 in order to replace the baby boomers, 5000-6000 will need to be hired. This might be more difficult than it sounds, considering most youth do not seem that interested in policing according to a recent survey of 1521 youths aged 16-27, that found only four percent would think about becoming officers (Macleod, 2009). The lack of funding and cutting of police budgets has left Canada in a serious dilemma when it comes to ability to deal wi... ...Weekly: http://www.lawyersweekly.ca/index.php?section=article&articleid=1281 Lunau, K. (2010, March 30). What's the agenda behind the tory prison budget boost? Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Maclean's: http://www2.macleans.ca/2010/03/30/whats-the-agenda-behind-the-tory-prison-budget-boost/print/ Rybak, J. (2009, September 16). Down by law. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Maclean's : http://www2.macleans.ca/2010/03/30/whats-the-agenda-behind-the-tory-prison-budget-boost/print/ Macleod, I. (2009, November 13). Canada needs more police officers, says policing council boss. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Canada.com: http://www.canada.com/Canada+needs+more+police+officers+says+policing+council+boss/2221364/story.html Wallace, M. (2008). Police reported crime statistics in Canada, 2008. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Statistics Canada Catalogue no.85-002-X.

Reasons I am Pro-choice Essay --

â€Å"God send us someone to cure cancer, AIDS, etc., etc.† â€Å"I did but you aborted them.† Abortion is a very serious topic that is separated by two groups pro-life or pro-choice who often argue on what is fair. Pro-choice is the people who believe it is the woman’s choice to choose if she wants an abortion or not. They don’t think the fetus is a human until a certain point in the pregnancy. Pro-life is when people believe that getting an abortion is killing a human being with rights. They want abortion to be illegal whether the woman wants one or not. Even though some say that having an abortion is killing an innocent baby and that it brings on many problems later in life, many pregnant women are not ready to have a child and some just do not want kids and they should have the right to get an abortion. If abortion was made illegal many would turn to â€Å"back-alley abortions† which are done in unsafe ways and it could result in more fatalitie s. It is common for anti-choicer to claim that having an abortion can lead to many complications in the future. Some say that having an abortion if you have been pregnant before increases the chances of breast cancer significantly but research found that this was not true. It is also said that having an abortion can lead to several disorders like depression, being bipolar and abuse of drugs and alcohol. Although it is a possibility, the original test was faulty because the subjects were not screened before hand to see if they already had the disorders. Others may say that an abortion is more dangerous that giving birth even when preformed by a professional. In reality, carrying a pregnancy to turn can be 10 times more dangerous than having an abortion but having an abortion still has it’s risk. In ... ...to many problems in the future but if abortion was illegal it would only worsen the conditions and number of fatalities. The complications that are given are often untrue and used to try and make a women change her decision. Young women get pregnant and often do not want the child because they are still getting their life in order and planning for the future. Other women may not want children because of the money, time, and responsibility needed to take care of a child. If in the future abortions are made illegal the amount of deaths because of unsafe abortion methods used when a women is desperate for one. â€Å"God send us someone to cure cancer, AIDS, etc., etc.† â€Å"I did but you forced her to carry an unwanted pregnancy to term, forcing her to become a single mother with limited income, having to sacrifice her college dreams in order to provide for her unwanted child.†

Resistance Of Wire :: Papers

Resistance Of Wire Aim. To find out what happens to the resistance of a wire, when you change the length of the wire. Background Information. A current of electricity is the flow of negatively charged electrons around a circuit. [IMAGE] [IMAGE][IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Close up, the wire and the electrons look like this: [IMAGE] The electrons collide with the atoms as they travel through. We say the atoms 'oppose' the flow of electrons. This is called resistance, and the wire gets hotter. In 1826, Georg Ohm discovered that when a current flows through a metal wire the current and the potential differences are proportional, providing that the temperature remains constant. The resistance of wire can be calculated using: [IMAGE] Variables. Temperatureincreases the resistance as the atoms are getting hotter they are vibrating and moving faster. This makes the atoms and the electrons collide more. Thickness of wire decreases the resistance, as there is more room for the electrons to travel past the atoms. They don't collide as much. Length of wire increases the resistance because the electrons have further to move and more collisions occur. So, if you double the length of wire, you double the resistance. Because the number of atoms and the number of collisions doubles. Type of wireaffects resistance because different types have different atom arrangements. Some have different patterns, and some are arranged so that electrons have an easier path to travel through the atoms. Fair Test. To make the experiment fair, I will make sure that the temperature stays the same flowing through the power pack and wire. I will do this by turning it off and recording my results quickly. In addition, I will make sure that the thickness and the type of wire are the same. I will only change the length of the wire. Prediction. I predict that the resistance will increase because the length of wire

High School Enrollment System

Chapter II Review of Related Literature These are the studies and documentation that were gathered which can support the proposed system and will serve as an overview of the presentation of the system analysis. The remarks that have been gathered show the demand for this kind of software. It not Just ease the burden of the users but also it gives the system consistency which only specialized software can provide. It includes the foreign and local studies. These data are important aspect in the development of the project. The following are the works the researcher have taken into consideration: Local StudiesHealth system around the world are now facing a crisis of personnel shortage, low morale, and fading of trust. This has led to loss of health workers, weakening of health services, and erosion of public trust in the health system. For the enhancing and effectiveness support from the government must apply to them definitely. 1 . Provincial Government of Vulcan District Hospital Info rmation System (THIS) The District Hospitals serve areas in the Province of Vulcan which are outside the catchments area of the Provincial Health Office, based in the City of Mallows . The THIS was piloted in Reaction M.Mercado Memorial Hospital (RUMMY) in Sat. Maria, Vulcan in the year 2003. To date, all the other district hospitals in Baling (Baling District Hospital), Hexagon (Emilio G. Perez Memorial District Hospital), Vulcan (Gregory Del Pillar District Hospital), Calumet (Vulcan Maternity and Children's Hospital), and San Miguel (San Miguel District Hospital), are starting to utilize the system in their daily operations. THIS transforms the administration of the district hospitals under the Provincial Health Office from manual to digital. The system automates transactions, linking data entered at the Admission Section or PODDepartment, the Pharmacy, Laboratory, X-Ray, Billing, Collection and Records Section. Inventory and supplies data are entered at the Supply Section. Becau se the system uses an integrated database, it reduces the volume of redundant paper files kept in separate locations within the District Hospitals. The centralized database also makes it easier for users to process and retrieve data. The THIS thus enables the hospital staff to deliver services faster in a more organized manner, more accurately, and more conveniently. They can now process data and provide feedback to clients.The automation has also decreased the time spent by staff on their routine work. The THIS provide a number of support services, Entry of Incoming Supplies, Requests, and Issued Supplies, Patient's Bill, Accomplishing Patient's Philately Form. Compared to MASH Record and Billing System include administrative services relating to personnel, supplies, inventory, and finances. The staff maintains an inventory of medical supplies and medicines. The billing section computes bills for patients. These support services require an organized management and presentation of d ata, accuracy in recording, computation, and reporting, and nonviolence of use. . Medical Center Manila Nursing Services Monitoring System Department of Health and accredited by the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation. Managed and operated by Hospital Management Services, Inc. (HAMS), MGM was established in 1967 by a group of distinguished physicians who were graduates of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PUGH), headed by Nobel Prize Nominee and National Scientist for Nuclear Medicine Dry. Paulo C. Campus, made possible with the whole hearted support of Mrs.. Caseload Lori Dildo and Mrs.. Josephine Murphy-Conjuring.The Nursing Services Monitoring System will feature a network of computers that transmit and receive scheduled of nursing services. Access to the system is limited through password for ever user and user domain. A user must first log-in into the system before he can actually penetrate any module in the system. Main menu is displayed aft er logging in. The system feature the kinds of nursing services rendered to the patient as well as the schedule of these. Compared to MASH Record and Billing System, The MOMS focus only on the improvement of the quality of nursing services.The system aims at providing support for the nurses who are under heavy loads of patients. The MASH Record and Billing System is developed to improve the quality of services that the hospital can give to the patients. It utilizes a centralized patient record to connect the people and process that drive the business. 3. Philippine General Hospital Care System The Philippine General Hospital (PUGH) is a tertiary state-owned hospital administered and operated by the University of the Philippines, Manila, the University of the Philippines System's Health Sciences Center.It is the largest overspent hospital administered by the university, and is designated as the National University Hospital. It is located at Eremite, Manila in the Philippines. It is t he biggest hospital in the country with a 1,500-bed capacity. It is a mixed-use hospital, with 1,000 beds for indigent patients and 500 beds for private patients, and offers some of the lowest rates for patients and is generally known as the hospital for indigent patients. The computing history of the Philippine General Hospital has proven its capacity to maintain its vision to be premiere institution to take care of problems and related diseases.The Philippine General Hospital (PUGH) had been using a computer for its business operation, particularly for its Patient Billing. With the purchase of its first general-purpose computer, programs were developed automate the process of Discharging of Check-up Package Medical Patient, Notice of Additional Deposits, Balance Summary Report, Income Center Report, and Patient Directory. Access to the system is limited through password for every user and user module in the system. Main menu is displayed after logging in.It has management mechanis m that efficiently locates and monitors nursing human availability. The Philippine General Hospital Care System developed the automate process of Discharging of Check-up Package Medical Patient, Notice of Additional Deposits, Balance Summary Report, Income Center Report, and Patient Directory that is limited only to patients. Compared to MASH Record and Billing System, it improve the quality of services that the hospital can give to the patients and also manages the stock of medicines.It utilizes a centralized Inventory system to monitor and to prevent shortage of medicine availability. 4. Capitol Medical Center Record System the year 2003. Capitol Medical Center Inc. Hurst to digitize the medical records is a major step in providing the patients and medical professionals with a more efficient system of archiving and retrieving patient records. It is a user friendly and each record contain all necessary information related to a patient, from time of admission, diagnosis, to date of discharge, and procedures performed.This database will include no less than 40 fields in each patient's record that will make it wholly complaint with the reporting standards of Department of Health (DOD) and Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHILATELY). The CM record archiving system will have the ability to access the millions of records we now have in storage. Where it would normally take us three days to retrieve and print out a patient's medical records, the archive system can help us to dramatically reduce this waiting time to Just minutes.Compared to MASH Record and Billing System, The CM have the ability to access medical records in providing the patients and medical professionals that is limited only to patients. MASH Record and Billing System, improves the quality of services relating to personnel, supplies, inventory, and finances, maintains an inventory of medical supplies and medicines, computes bills for patients. This is a valuable tool for Hospital management. 5. Computerizing of Medical Record (COM) The developer Dry. Victor E.Pollack developed the software for keeping the medical records of the patients and for the fast and easy access of user in searching the information. The system implement includes the on-line computerized data handling system. The system has objectives to the successful computerized system which includes a demonstrated superiority to the current record systems in case of clinical SE while providing pertinent and complete information, and while recording important and unexpected complications or physiologic processes.The capability of improving the decision making processes in clinical data; the provision of a model for monitoring the quality of medical care, and on-line availability of the data at any time for clinical use and interpretation. The COM uses on-line computerized data handling system to access current record systems that is limited only to having an Internet connection that will be costly for a hospit al. Compared to MASH Record and Billing System, it allows the user to access, edit, check, print and store record of a selected patient without the use of Internet connection.Foreign Studies The Science and Technology of medicines has incredibly advanced from simple medical practices to computer-aided robotics that literally performs. The developers of this system expect the readers to be enlightened with vision of conducting more thesis that concern the innovation and creation of utility aids for the purpose of improving medical services. 1 . Patient Management Information System (MIS) MIS by Dry. Usury Bali is used by several hospitals in the U. S. Because of its functionality, efficiency and effectiveness.It was improved legibility and completeness of documentation, data with better accessibility and accuracy. The Patient Management System is a user-friendly, window-based system software that includes billing, scheduling and management reporting. It has additional modules that in terface to MIS includes collections clinical information and third party products. An effective information system of Patients in hospital is critical to the directly affected when are record are wrong or someone's are missing a file or record. The MIS will organize, systematize, and it will take care of the records.Changes in reimbursement rates and regulations for the outpatient rehabilitation industry are motivating clinic owners and administrators to find new ways to improve productivity, slash administrative costs and eliminate sources of claim denials. Connecting the people involved in these processes when they need it is key to improving your clinic's business performance. This study is similar to our research in a way they're objectives in making this system is the same. They both target to have a organize, systematize records. The patients will have accurate patient files.But on the contrary this system targets also on the unrelated studies and additional modules includes c ollections clinical information and third party products. While in the our system focuses only the patient and the hospital management that is much related to the study. 3. Hospital Information System of SCM Corporation This Creative Socio- Medics Corporation's mission in providing hospital information system is to deliver the best technology, application and services to the health and human services industry by Pill Chunk, Thomas You and Noah Schneider. CreativeSocio- Medics Corporation provides hospital information system and software, such as its Avatar Suite products to both the public and private health and human services, healthcare, medical system, plastic surgery, health development for integrating EMMER, managed care, Doctor Technology, computer systems Electronic Medical Record, Cross-platform. Well-known system such as this provides the hospital along with its employees and patients, much ease, reliability and functionality. It provides one place to go for referrals, pati ent intake and scheduling, clinical documentation, charge entry, insurance authorization and billing management.Comparably this system is the same with the research study we conduct. They both provide medical records of patient, billing statement, patient intake and scheduling by the use of computerized technology. On the other hand our research only focus on the medical problems. Likewise these system also focus on the Hospital Information that are not related to patients. 4. LLC – Hospital Management Information System Hospital Management Information System by Rowena Luck and Melissa Ho in Ghana, addresses the entire major functional areas of modern multi-specialty hospital.Package enables better patient care, patient safety, and efficiency and reduced costs. Provide easy access to critical information. The system provides the benefits of streaming of operations, enhance administration and control, improved response, cost control and improved profitability. Hospital Managem ent Information System is developed on the latest relational database system Visual Basic 6. 0. Hospital Management Information System can be easily customized to the experiments of any hospital. It helps in maintaining a totally secured database of Patients and business information.This system is GUI with user friendly screens and has an easy installation. Has an easy data retrieval with single mouse click and fully parametric billing structure with security features and Service provided by hospital. It can easily Back-up and restore facility without manual intervention. This system is very much related with our Basic 6. 0. And it also provide patient's record. The difference, is our system don't provide easy access to critical information that is limited to the Administrator but can be viewed by user. Some hospital prefer to restrict access of Patients personal Record because it is much safer. . Master Hospital Information System The Master Hospital Information System by Julienne Pays, Frederic Serviceman's and Gallinule Gingered help you ensure that your organization has a clearer claim before dropping the bill. Some hospital, medical groups, and other Healthcare organizations have installed computer system to manage patients information. This will give immediate access to complete patient information as well as tools to guide decision- making and help prevent errors. The complexity of outpatient data flow creates problems many hospital are endings extremely difficult to solve.Master Hospital Information System has develop a software solution to support outpatient coding and basic patient data management task. Hospital enjoy the flexibility of choosing the software modules they need and also implementing them in phases. The Master Hospital Information System provide patient information and bill limited only to patients. Compared to MASH Record and Billing System, it manages and monitor the patients and also deal with the stock of medicines. It has an Invent ory system to monitor and to avoid shortage of medicine availability.

Dealing With Challenging Behaviour Essay

Within a home for adults with learning disabilities, you would use many different policies and procedures to tackle challenging behaviour. The mental capacity act would be used here. ‘The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) is designed to protect and empower individuals who may lack the mental capacity to make their own decisions about their care and treatment’ (NHS Choices. (2015). This legislation applies to anyone over the age of 16. It ensures that anyone who has a serve disability, dementia or any other mental issues. Although an individual may have these mental conditions, they may still be able to make decisions of their own. They would have someone who would give them all of the information and a carer or parent would then help the individual to make the best decision for the benefit of their health. An individual may not be able to make decisions on their finances but they could still have the capacity to make decisions on shopping. The mental capacity act believes that everyone has the right to make their own decisions. This act aims to try and ensure that this does happen. This would be used to help deal with challenging behaviour because it would make the individual feel that they are able to make their own decisions about their care. This would also stop challenging behaviour because they may feel that if they can have some say in their care and treatment then they don’t need  to act out or become behaviourally challenging. It would also be used because it can give the service user more of a choice over their care and this could then help them feel more in control rather than sitting on the side-lines. The mental health act would also be used here. ‘The Mental Health Act 1983 (which was substantially amended in 2007) is the law in England and Wales that allows people with a ‘mental disorder’ to be admitted to hospital, detained and treated without their consent – either for their own health and safety, or for the protection of other people.’ (Mental Health care. (2015). The mental health act allows carers or parents to get the help that the service user may need. You can be detained in two different ways. One way is that a private place or a guardian decides that the individual’s mental health conditions is becoming a harm to the public. The second way is that the police could see the individual in the street and could has a cause for concern on how stable an individual’s mental health is. They would then take you to the nearest hospital or they may take them to a police station. Once an individual has been admitted then the individual will undergo a mental health assessment to see if they are a danger or harm to themselves. In a home for adults with learning disabilities, if an individual at the home is displaying violence and really challenging behaviour then the carers can make the decision if the individual is a danger to themselves or another individual. P3Suggest strategies to minimise effects of challenging behaviour in health and social care settings M2Discuss strategies used to minimise effects of one type of challenging behaviour in health and social care settings Types of strategies Person centred planning: ‘Person centred planning (PCP) provides a way of helping a person plan all aspects of their life, thus ensuring that the individual remains central to the creation of any plan which will affect them.’ (Foundation for people with learning disabilities. (2015). Person centred planning is about putting  the service user at the heart of everything. Effective communication ‘Effective communication helps us better understand a person or situation and enables us to resolve differences, build trust and respect, and create environments where creative ideas, problem solving, affection, and caring can flourish.’ (HelpGuide. (2015). Effective communication is about individual’s verbal skills. This can include choice of words, tone of voice, volume, pace, turn taking and how fast that you talk. This can all effect how effectively you communicate with others. As well as someone’s verbal skills, a service user preferred way of communicating should be taken into account. This could be whether they prefer to talk using sign language or they may like to communicate using pictures. This should all be taken into consideration. Body language ‘Body language refers to the nonverbal signals that we use to communicate.’ (About Psychology. (2015). Body language is used everyday. It can be used to show how an individual is feeling and you can also use it to show how you are feeling. Body language s a significant part of modern communication. Body language is not about how we move to show how we are feeling. It is also about how we position our bodies to show how we are feeling. It is also about how we change our facial expressions and how are eyes move and focus. As well as this it is about our closeness and how this changes and how the gap between us and other people gets smaller or bigger. Promoting self esteem Self esteem is the opinion that an individual has of themselves. ‘When we have healthy self-esteem, we tend to feel positive about ourselves and about life in general.’ (NHS Choices. (2015). Raising low self esteem.). By having a positive self esteem, an individual would be able to deal with the ups and downs in life better. Low self esteem is the opposite to this. People with low self esteem generally have a negative outlook on life. Low self esteem is usually caused from something that happened at a young age. This could be from a parent, teacher, friend or carer. Low self esteem can change how  someone behaviour or acts toward to others. It can also cause them to be a danger to themselves or others. Understanding rules and boundaries: To understand rules and boundaries there are many things that service workers can do. They can use ABC charts which can be used to monitor their behaviour. ABC charts can also be used to see if a service users behaviour is becoming more and more challenging which means the service workers can see if an intervention is needed. You can also use risk assessments. This can also help to monitor behaviour as they could be completed regularly. As well as this service workers would need to make sure that they are up to date with all of their training. This can help them to be able to deal with challenging behaviour because it means that they would know new ways to try to calm a service user or make sure that no harm comes to them or other service users. Other strategies: Other strategies which are in place to help deal with challenging behaviour are making sure there is a pleasant environment. This could help the service user to keep calm and not act out. This could also be used as a calming method when their behaviour is starting to become more challenging. Another strategy is arranging different varieties of activities. This could stop their behaviour becoming challenging because it means that the service workers could say that if they behaved correctly then they would be able to do the activity where as if their behaviour started to become challenging then they would be able to say that they wouldn’t be able to do the activity. References: About Psychology. (2015). Understanding body language. Available: http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication/ss/understanding-body-language.htm. Last accessed 6th March 2015. Foundation for people with learning disabilities. (2015). Person Centred Planning. Available: http://www.learningdisabilities.org.uk/help-information/learning-disability-a-z/p/person-centred-planning/. Last accessed 5th March 2015. HelpGuide. (2015). Effective Communication. Available: http://www.helpguide.org/articles/relationships/effective-communication.htm. Last accessed 6th March 2015. Mental Health care. (2015). Mental health act. Available: http://www.mentalhealthcare.org.uk/mental_health_act. Last accessed 5th March 2015. NHS Choices. (2015). Raising low self esteem. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/livewell/mentalhealth/pages/dealingwithlowself-esteem.aspx. Last accessed 7th March 2015. NHS Choices. (2015). What is the mental capacity act?. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/social-care-and-support-guide/Pages/mental-capacity.aspx. Last accessed 5th March 2015.

My career as a Computer Technician Essay

In today’s time, some of the best career choices can be found within technology. A significant part of technology, computers, is an ever changing field, constantly growing and expanding to make newer, faster, better computers. One of the best fields within this division is Computer Technician. There are many reasons why this position is a position that is strived for, and a high demand job position within the workforce. I will explain the three top reasons why anyone would want to be a Computer Technician, and why it’s the best job choice for you. As you begin to look into the career choice of becoming a Computer Technician, you find out that it is a field in which you repair computers, whether it be hardware or software related. Also, you find out there are requirements needed to become one. First, you have to undergo education. â€Å"You can begin preparing to become a computer technician while still in high school. Many high schools offer certification training courses or credit towards a 2-year college degree or an associate’s degree. High school graduates can choose to pursue either a 2 or 4 year college program. Many community colleges offer computer technician training programs that focus directly on the actual jobs you will be doing out in the real world. The most important training courses you will need to take are those courses that prepare you for your certification exams! These courses can be taken as part of a degree program or on a stand-alone basis.† (n.d.3.) Coming from education, if you receive the right amount of it, the rewards can be great. â€Å"According to the BLS, the median wage of computer repair technicians is $36,000 as of 2011. The highest wages are found in technical and trade schools, at a mean wage of $67,000. Earnings are highest in states on the East Coast, specifically in the northeastern states where the mean wage can reach $41,000-$47,000.† (n.d.2.) This is a very rewarding job, considering the education requirements and the actual pay wage, this is a great start into the field and a great way to get paid! The salary, benefits, and 401k plan that are usually offered are available in this career, as well, depending on which company or place of business you work for. Coming from benefits and rewards of becoming a Computer Technician, it is also a very flexible field. Hours can be full or part time, pay can be salary or hourly. Considering there is an increase within the job market for Computer Technicians, the flexibility of having more choice in hours and pay is a significant pro to this career choice, as other jobs in other industries do not always allow such flexibility. This career choice is truly an easy one to adapt to. The requirements of becoming a Computer Technician might be a bit steep, and somewhat tedious to sit through and complete, but the benefits of becoming one are too high to ignore. The ability to stay on the cutting edge of technology, alone, is worth it, but the financial aspect of this career choice is also not one to dismiss as not worth it. Computer Technicians overall are a very admirable field to choose as a career choice, because it truly is a field in which doesn’t require years upon years of education, and the benefits are well worth reaping. REFERENCES QuinStreet Inc. (n.d.1). Retrieved from http://www.computertrainingschools.com/career-training/computer-repair-technician/ (n.d.2). Retrieved from http://diplomaguide.com/articles/Computer_Repair_Tech_Career_Overview.html (n.d.3). Retrieved from http://www.citytowninfo.com/education-articles/career-guides/how-to-become-a-computer-technician

‘Jasper Jones’ by Craig Silvey Essay

‘In this coming of age story, Charlie must question his conventional notions of what is right and wrong as he navigates small town morality, racism and hypocrisy.’ In the novel ‘Jasper Jones’ written by Craig Silvey, the main character Charlie Bucktin experiences many life changing events that occur throughout the novel, which makes Charlie dramatically change his outlook on life. During the novel Charlie slowly uncovers that life in Corrigan is made up of rumours and lies. Charlie learns a great deal about himself, others, Corrigan and important decisions that teaches him some of life’s great lessons. The protagonist of the novel Charlie Bucktin is an innocent little boy until he encounters the ‘fearful’ character Jasper Jones when he appears at Charlie’s bedroom window one night by surprise. Charlie changes his thoughts from right to wrong completely. The town’s thoughts of Jasper are unbearable and should stay away from him. The major event that brings the two boys together is the brutal death of Laura Wishart. Jasper taking Charlie to where Laura Wishart’s body is, which then Charlie has to face make a decision whether he can keep it a secret it or not. ‘No, it’s too late. Like Jasper Jones, I have seen what I Have seen. I am involved.’ Charlie makes the choice to keep it a secret from the people of Corrigan. Charlie now starts telling lies to people to protect the ones that he loves. ‘How strange and unsettled I am. Like a snow dome paperweight that’s been shaken†¦Everything in my world that was steady and sure and sturdy has been shaken out of place, and it’s now drifting and swirling back down in a confetti of a debris’ Charlie compares himself to a nobody before he meets Jasper Jones, but after Charlie has officially meets Jasper he feels as though he has purpose in life. In the small town of Corrigan it is filled with rumours and lies. A huge amount of secrecy and mistrust is conducted by everyone in Corrigan. The lack of tolerance and understanding of each other in Corrigan creates rumours that are untrue, but people still believe them because they have nothing else to believe. A character named ‘Mad Jack Lionel’ is an example of which where the people of Corrigan misjudged him ‘but as the myth grows in girth, so too does our fear of speculation and intrigue for the kids of Corrigan’ thinking that Jack Lionel murdered a women. Realistically he was in a car accident which where the women was  killed. Charlie and Jasper share thoughts on their views of the world, and are clearly outsiders in the community. The thoughts of Jasper Jones in the community of Corrigan ‘a thief, a liar, a thug’ had no impact on Charlie, he ignores all the propaganda targeting Jasper and pursues an unbreakable bond between the two of them. As Charlie uncovers the town of Corrigan, he realises how racist and hypocritical Corrigan actually is. Not only is the town racist to Jasper, but also to Charlie’s best friend Jeffery Lu. Charlie learns through different situations throughout the novel. ‘Jeffery’s parents are Vietnamese, so he’s ruthlessly bullied and belted around by the boys at school†¦But he takes it all astonishingly well, which has always eased my guilt given that I’m answer brave enough to intervene. Jeffery is unflappable’ as Jeffery is bullied so much at school he has never looked back at the bullies; he always has a smile on his face. Jasper is also a target for racism in the town of Corrigan. Being somewhat rebellious half-cast young boy, and not socially accepted because he is indigenous. He is the only indigenous member of the community even though the rest of the community treat him as an outsider. Charlie comes to the conclusion to trust Jasper and not to believe what other people. His learns to not to judge something until you fully understand the situation. The duration of the novel Charlie started off as an innocent little boy, facing many events which made ‘grow up’ and not just think about the importance of himself but by the others around him also. This new found lesson will benefit Charlie later in life as he will make better decisions and back himself, and trust other people which will lead to greater trust and respect between them.

Take home exam for law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Take home exam for law and ethics - Essay Example The international financial crisis stimulated the G7 to lead to foster international codes of conduct to administer and control the activities of financial corporations and institutions in emerging and developing economies thereby focusing the corporate governance to center stage. As per Okinawa (2000), G8 placed a new stress on accountability and transparency, on fighting tax evasion and money laundering, on creating corporate demeanor to cherish new precedence of human security and on establishing the regulations to design the revolution for information technology. These policy decisions made the corporate governance of core concern to the G8 over a wide policy terrain. (Fratianni, Savona, Kriton 7). The recent global financial crisis and the resulting international economic meltdown are due to inefficient corporate governance procedure and rules. The unprecedented bailouts and financial packages in USA, UK and other nations have eaten away trillion of taxpayers’ money and have yet to stimulate or energize the concerned economy and the capital markets. The general observation is that offering subsidies to distressed companies does not yield any desired results, whereas better corporate governance and accountability should enhance the global economy. It is suggested to prevent recurrences of recent global financial crisis, it is suggested to establish an enforceable and effective global corporate governance guideline and rules to make companies accountable globally to their shareholders. ( Baker & Anderson 596). To a larger extent , the poor corporate governance practices were , if not wholly, accountable for the international financial debacle which was kicked-off by a melt-down of US economy in 2008 and 2009 , particularly in financial and banking sectors. (Plessis et al 308). It is to be observed that UK Combined Code deals

Industrialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Industrialization - Essay Example The foundation of all Marxist leads to the analysis of political parties that formed in the early years in the British history. According to Marxists, the foundation of the Major political parties in Britain was based on the economic status of the society by then. The major aim of the political parties was to address the major issues affecting the life of the common people in the society. Politics of one class of people were being fought by all means and it was all aimed at ensuring equity in the places of work. There came to the formation of the Marxists in the early years. This brought the major political parties we have today in Britain. These are the; Tory Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal Party (Daub 2005). The three major parties have not been seen to antagonize with the Marxist thesis rather they conform it. Marx revealed the driving forces of history in order to facilitate the making of history. In the course of the struggle between the classes, some acquire or lose coh esion and confidence. Thus political parties act as a weapon in the struggle between classes. In his argument Marx argued that there was a rising tension and disagreement between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. According to Marx, the proletariats were being exploited by the capitalists who were the bourgeoisie. The exploitation being experienced by the proletariat was based on the wealth that was being created and being enjoyed by the bourgeoisie. This major source of the tension being experienced by the two groups was on the economic exploitation where the working had little share of what they produced. The materials produced in the factories could be sold at a price higher than the workers’ wages. This meant that the workers who were mainly the proletariat could work in the factories but could not afford to build the items they produced due to the low wages (Barry 2005). The antagonism that Marx described was based on the wealth superiority. The oppressors wanted to ac quire all the wealth that was being made by the proletariats. This was the major cause of the tension between the two groups. Riots would arise as the oppressed advocated for the equal treatment of the two groups. There arose a revolution aimed at overthrowing the oppressors together with their supporters (Milkovinch 2010). According to Marx, he believed that capitalism was the destructor of the peace between the two major groups. He went on to describe in depth how the wealth being enjoyed by the bourgeoisies was a result of the hard work of the proletariat who were the main workers in the factories. In his observation, Marx argued that this antagonism would lead to a revolution that could be aimed at the oppressors who were the bourgeoisies. The rising competition among the two groups makes the commercial crisis get to a bad state. The increased rioting has been attributed to the oppression by the bourgeoisie (Daub 2005). Marx states that the exploitation of this group of people w ould lead to intensified resentment causing more hatred. A revolution would arise that would lead to the overthrow of the capitalists and their external supporters. However the situation that Marx described seems to have faded today. This is because there are groups that strongly advocate for the equal treatment of all classes of people in the society. There are some who stage their claims and strongly defend the working class calling for meaningful wages. The issue of one group dominating and

Advantages of Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advantages of Intellectual Property - Essay Example Firstly, it provides a legal protection against unscrupulous business owners who would wish to use ones idea and goodwill under someone or a business name. Certainly, the concept of property right rights is not a new concept in business laws. The use of trademarks such as logos, color codes and pictures by two different businesses has been a center of controversy that has resulted in numerous lawsuits (Stim 67). For instance, of the 23 cases on intellectual property that were filed in U.S courts 2005-2013, a total of 15 were decided in favor of the suit (Stim 69). Certainly, in an environment where the courts open orders retention of ideas to the original firm or person, it shows the effectiveness of the laws against duplication. Patents protection refers to the prevention of ones idea from being used by a second property without the owners knowledge or compensation. For entrepreneurs, the idea is a business and the need to protect it is as important as protecting a business. With increased competitive market demands, there is certainly increased tendencies duplication of another business. The patent laws offer protection against such unethical tendencies. Secondly, the protection of patents helps to enhance creativity in the economy through discouraging armchair duplication of already existing enterprises. While the laws of Intellectual Property (IP) may appear selfish and sometimes too harsh, the impact on the U.K economic growth has been tremendous.The IP-intensive industrial operations have consistently shown that stringent laws against ideas duplication has spurred creativity and subsequently economic progress. Notably, in 2010-2011 following the economic crisis in U.S, there was a 1.6% increase in employment in IP-intensive industries as compared to 1% in IP-non-intensive industries. In addition, by 2011 there was a remarkable increase in exports from IP-intensive

Benefits Of Efective Leadership in 21st Century Organisation Dissertation

Benefits Of Efective Leadership in 21st Century Organisation - Dissertation Example Directive behavior focuses on such tasks as monitoring, instructing, goal-setting and scheduling, while supportive behavior revolves around activities along the lines of encouraging employees and hearing them out on their concerns (Wart 2007). 46 Leadership The dictionary meaning of leadership is â€Å"the ability to lead† (Rost, 1993, p.41). â€Å"Everyone talks about it; few understand it. Most people want it; few achieve it† (Maxwell, 2005, p.1). This phrase may be true for some who have the desire to be a leader and thus when one tries to define this concept; he/she gets emotional and develops a definition that is more specific to his/her own though process. As a result, there are several definitions for leadership that reflect different views of the researchers. In this respect, James C. Georges from ParTraining Corporation has said, â€Å"What is leadership? Remove for a moment the moral issues behind it, and there is only one definition: Leadership is the abilit y to obtain followers† (Maxwell, 2005, p.1). However, this definition was opposed by others as they do not consider leadership mere the ability to get followers; for them it is the ability to achieve position. Such thinks correlate leadership with rank, position and title. According to them a person who has achieved a status in the organisation/society is a leader. In the real world such definition suffers with two major problems: a person who considers him/herself as a leader because of the status, he/she has to face frustration of some of the followers. Again, there may be people who do not enjoy high status and thus they don’t even try to develop leadership qualities in them. Edwin H. Friedman explained that â€Å"leadership can be thought of as a capacity to define oneself to others in a way that clarifies and expands a vision of the future† (Robinson & Rose, 2004, p.2). As per this definition, leadership is not a position; rather it is a role to be played by the leader. It should be regardless of one’s education, experience and position within the organisation. A leader should act like a facilitator and assist the followers to achieve the common goal. Different types of leadership There are several leaders who possess contradictory characteristic and leadership style. One such example can be Adolf Hitler and Mahatma Gandhi. Both of them had a very different leadership style but no doubt they both were successful leaders. Therefore, leadership can be of different type. On time to time, researchers proposed several theories and explained different types of leadership as per these theories. Before explaining different type of leadership style, it is essential to discuss theories of leadership. Some of the vital theories related to leadership have been discussed below. History of Leadership The history of leadership is years old; from early days human were interested to identify the factors that results in a famous and successful le ader. Out of this curiosity people conducted different research and identified some factors that can be easily noticeable